John Harvey Kellogg was born on February 26, 1852, and died on December 14, 1943. He was an American businessman, inventor, doctor, and supporter of the Progressive Movement. He worked as the director of the Battle Creek Sanitarium in Battle Creek, Michigan, which was founded by members of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. The sanitarium combined features of a European spa, a water-based treatment center, a hospital, and a high-class hotel. Kellogg treated people from all backgrounds, including wealthy individuals and those who could not afford other medical care. According to Encyclopædia Britannica, his development of dry breakfast cereals helped create the flaked-cereal industry and led to the global success of the Kellogg's brand. Kellogg was inducted into the National Fitness Hall of Fame in 2008.

Kellogg supported the germ theory of disease, which states that germs cause illness. He was ahead of his time in studying how bacteria in the intestines affect health. The sanitarium used a whole-body approach to treatment, promoting vegetarianism, good nutrition, yogurt enemas to clean the intestines, exercise, sunbathing, water-based therapies, and avoiding smoking, alcohol, and sexual activity. Kellogg spent the last 30 years of his life supporting eugenics and racial segregation. He was a key leader in health reform during the clean living movement. He wrote many books about science and health. His ideas combined scientific knowledge with Adventist beliefs and efforts to improve health and promote temperance. Many of the vegetarian foods he created were sold to the public. His brother, Will Keith Kellogg, is best known today for inventing corn flakes.

Kellogg had religious beliefs that were different from mainstream Christianity. He believed human reason was more important than traditional religious rules. He rejected ideas like original sin, human weakness, and the idea that Jesus’ death was necessary for salvation, instead believing Jesus’ life was an example to follow. As the Seventh-day Adventist Church moved toward beliefs closer to mainstream Christianity, Kellogg’s views were seen as too different. His ideas were considered unorthodox, and he was removed from the church in 1907. However, he continued to support many Adventist beliefs and ran the sanitarium until his death. Kellogg also helped start the American Medical Missionary College in 1895. Some people have mistakenly credited him with inventions or events that were not his.

Early life

John Harvey Kellogg was born on February 26, 1852, in Tyrone, Michigan, to John Preston Kellogg (1806–1881) and his second wife, Ann Janette Stanley (1824–1893). John Preston Kellogg was born in Hadley, Massachusetts. His family history goes back to when Hadley, Massachusetts, was first established, and one of his great-grandfathers operated a ferry. In 1834, John Preston Kellogg and his family moved to Michigan. After his first wife died and he remarried in 1842, he moved to a farm in Tyrone Township. From his first marriage, John Preston Kellogg had six children. With his second wife, Ann, he had 11 children, including John Harvey and his younger brother, Will Keith Kellogg.

John Preston Kellogg was part of several religious groups, including the Baptists, the Congregationalist Church, and the Seventh-day Adventist Church. He was one of four people who gave money to help Seventh-day Adventist leaders Ellen G. White and her husband, James Springer White, move to Battle Creek, Michigan, in 1855 with their publishing business. He also convinced a Seventh-day Adventist couple, Daniel H. Kress and Lauretta E. Kress, to become doctors in Michigan, where he had studied. These two were among the first people to help create what later became Washington Adventist Hospital. In 1856, the Kellogg family moved to Battle Creek to live near other members of their religious group. There, John Preston Kellogg started a broom factory. The Kelloggs believed that the return of Jesus Christ was soon, so they thought formal education for their children was unnecessary.

John Harvey Kellogg was sickly as a child and attended Battle Creek public schools only briefly, from ages 9 to 11. He left school to work in his father’s broom factory, sorting brooms. However, he read a lot and learned many things on his own. At age 12, he was offered a job by Ellen G. White and her husband. He became one of their mentees, starting as an errand boy and later working as a printer’s helper. Eventually, he did proofreading and editing. He helped prepare articles for publications like Health, or How to Live and The Health Reformer, learning about Ellen G. White’s health ideas, such as eating a vegetarian diet. Ellen White said her husband had a closer relationship with John Harvey Kellogg than with his own children.

John Harvey Kellogg wanted to become a teacher. At age 16, he taught a school in Hastings, Michigan. By age 20, he enrolled in a teacher training program at Michigan State Normal School. However, the Kelloggs and the Whites convinced him to join his half-brother Merritt, Edson White, William C. White, and Jennie Trembley in a six-month medical course at Russell Trall’s Hygieo-Therapeutic College in New Jersey. Their goal was to train doctors for the Adventist-inspired Western Health Reform Institute in Battle Creek. With the Whites’ support, John Harvey Kellogg attended medical school at the University of Michigan and Bellevue Hospital Medical College in New York City. He graduated in 1875 with a medical degree. In October 1876, Kellogg became director of the Western Health Reform Institute. In 1877, he renamed it the Battle Creek Medical Surgical Sanitarium, creating the word “sanitarium” to mean both hospital care and the importance of cleanliness and health. Kellogg led the institution until his death in 1943.

Theological views

Kellogg grew up in the Seventh-day Adventist Church from an early age. He was chosen as a student of the Whites and trained as a doctor. He became an important speaker at church meetings. Throughout his life, Kellogg faced pressure from both science and religion because of his religious beliefs.

At the Seventeenth Annual Session of the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists on October 4, 1878, the following decision was made:

Kellogg rejected Christian fundamentalism and supported modern religious ideas. He disagreed with many traditional beliefs of Nicene Christianity, believing that Jesus’ life on Earth, not his death on the Cross, was the key to salvation. He criticized the ideas of original sin and human depravity, often joking that "total depravity" was sometimes just "total indigestion." Historian Brian C. Wilson wrote:

Kellogg believed that science and the Bible could work together throughout his career. However, he lived during a time when science and medicine were becoming more secular. White and others in the Adventist ministry worried that Kellogg’s students and staff might lose their faith. Kellogg felt that many ministers did not recognize his medical knowledge or the importance of his work. There were ongoing conflicts between his role as a doctor and their role as ministers. Despite this, Kellogg tried to show that science, medicine, and religion could coexist, arguing that God was present in nature.

He explained these ideas further in his book The Living Temple (1903):

At the same time Kellogg defended the idea that God is present in nature, his fellow Adventists saw his descriptions as evidence of panentheistic ideas (the belief that everything is in God). Kellogg disagreed, saying his views were simply about God’s presence everywhere, not pantheism.

Kellogg’s beliefs opposed many traditional ideas of Nicene Christianity. As Seventh-day Adventist beliefs moved toward orthodox Trinitarianism in the 1890s, some Adventists found Kellogg’s views too different, calling them pantheistic and unorthodox. This led to the "Pantheism Crisis" of 1903, a major event in church history. Kellogg’s views were not the only issue: the management of the sanitarium also caused problems. The Battle Creek Sanitarium, owned by the Seventh-day Adventist Church but run by Kellogg, was destroyed by fire on February 18, 1902. Although most guests escaped safely, the damage was estimated at $300,000 to $400,000, more than twice the insured value.

Ellen G. White, who had warned about the church becoming too worldly, opposed rebuilding the large institution. She wrote a manuscript against rebuilding in 1902, but it was not sent to Kellogg at that time, and he did not consult her about his plans. With support from the board of directors, Kellogg rebuilt the sanitarium and made it twice as large. The new building, designed by architect Frank Mills Andrews of Ohio, opened on May 31, 1903. It was fireproof, six stories tall, and included a solarium and palm court. The cost was over $700,000.

Kellogg used money from his book The Living Temple to help pay for the rebuilding. The book was opposed by a commission of the General Council of the Adventists after one member, W. W. Prescott, called it heretical. When Kellogg arranged to print it privately, a fire destroyed the printing location on December 30, 1902. When the book was finally published in 1903, Ellen G. White criticized it for what she saw as its pantheistic ideas. Over the next few years, conflicts grew between Kellogg, General Conference President A. G. Daniells, and others. In 1907, Kellogg was "disfellowshipped" as part of a church split. He kept control of the Battle Creek Sanitarium and the American Medical Missionary College, continuing to promote Adventist health ideas at those places.

In later life, Kellogg spoke positively about Seventh-day Adventists and Ellen G. White’s prophetic ministry, even though they had disagreements. In 1941, he criticized E. S. Ballenger for being negative about Mrs. White.

Battle Creek Sanitarium

Kellogg was a member of the Seventh-day Adventist Church until mid-life. He became well-known as the chief medical officer at the Battle Creek Sanitarium, which was owned and operated by the Seventh-day Adventist Church. The sanitarium followed the church’s health principles, which included eating a vegetarian diet, avoiding alcohol and tobacco, and practicing regular exercise. Kellogg followed these same principles. He is remembered for promoting vegetarianism and writing about its benefits, even after he left the Adventist Church. In the late 1800s, he encouraged people to eat less meat, though he did not strongly insist on it. He also created a bland diet, which was partly influenced by the Adventist belief that reducing sexual stimulation could improve health.

Kellogg strongly supported the eating of nuts, believing they could help feed people as food supplies became limited. He is most famous today for creating corn flakes, but he also developed a method for making peanut butter and invented healthy "granose biscuits," which were popular in places like Australia and England.

The Battle Creek Sanitarium had an experimental kitchen where Ella Eaton Kellogg helped create vegetarian foods. She also led a "school of cookery" that taught homemakers how to prepare meals. She wrote a cookbook called Science in the Kitchen, which included hundreds of recipes and explained topics like nutrition and healthy eating. Some of the recipes used foods made at the sanitarium, such as Nuttolene (a meat substitute made from peanuts), Protose (a mix of nuts and grains), and different kinds of nut butters.

Kellogg believed that many diseases could be improved by changing the bacteria in the intestines. He explained that some bacteria in the gut help the body, while others can cause harm. He claimed that harmful bacteria produce toxins when digesting protein, which can poison the blood. He argued that poor diets encourage harmful bacteria, which can spread to other parts of the body. He believed that eating a balanced vegetarian diet with low protein, high fiber, and laxative foods could improve the intestinal bacteria. He suggested eating specific foods to treat certain health problems.

Kellogg also believed that the body’s natural process of changing intestinal bacteria could be sped up by using enemas filled with helpful bacteria. He recommended using an enema machine to clean the intestines with large amounts of water. After the enema, people were given a pint of yogurt—half was eaten, and the other half was given through an enema. He claimed this helped replace harmful bacteria in the gut with healthy ones, creating a "clean" intestine.

Visitors to the sanitarium also practiced breathing exercises and walked during meals to help digestion. Kellogg supported the use of artificial sunlight, so the sanitarium used sunbaths. He was a skilled surgeon who often provided free medical care to poor patients at his clinic.

Many famous people visited the sanitarium, including former president William Howard Taft, composer Percy Grainger, Arctic explorers Vilhjalmur Stefansson and Roald Amundsen, travelers Richard Halliburton and Lowell Thomas, aviator Amelia Earhart, economist Irving Fisher, playwright George Bernard Shaw, actor Johnny Weissmuller, carmaker Henry Ford, inventor Thomas Edison, activist Sojourner Truth, and actress Sarah Bernhardt.

Patents and inventions

John Harvey Kellogg created and sold many types of vegetarian foods. These foods were designed for people who were sick or had difficulty eating, and they were made to be easy to chew and digest. Starchy foods like grains were ground into powder and baked to change the starch into a type of sugar called dextrin. Nuts were also ground and boiled or steamed.

Kellogg’s foods were often not very flavorful. This choice followed the advice of Ellen G. White and Sylvester Graham, who believed that eating bland foods could help reduce excitement, sexual feelings, and certain behaviors.

Around 1877, John H. Kellogg began testing ways to make a softer breakfast food that was easy to eat. He mixed wheat, oats, and corn into a dough, baked it at high heat for a long time to break down the starch, and then cooled and crushed it into crumbs. This food was first called "Granula," but a legal dispute with James Caleb Jackson forced Kellogg to rename it "Granola" in 1881. Patients at the sanitarium used it, and later, former patients began buying it. In 1890, John founded the Sanitas Food Company to make and sell food products.

The Kelloggs are most famous for creating corn flakes. The invention of flaked cereal in 1894 involved several family members, but there is disagreement about who contributed what. Some say Ella Eaton Kellogg suggested rolling dough into thin sheets, while others claim John had the idea after a dream and used kitchen tools to test it. It is known that John left wheat dough behind one night, and when he returned, he used rollers to make thin flakes. Will Kellogg, John’s brother, later tried to recreate the process. Ella and Will often disagreed about their roles in the discovery. The technique John used, called tempering, became important in the flaked cereal industry.

A patent for "Flaked Cereals and Process of Preparing Same" was filed on May 31, 1895, and granted on April 14, 1896, to John Harvey Kellogg as Patent No. 558,393. This patent covered many types of grains, not just wheat. Will Kellogg later claimed he should have received more credit for the invention.

In their first year of production, the Kelloggs sold thousands of pounds of flaked cereal, calling it "Granose." They experimented with rice and corn and released Sanitas Toasted Corn Flakes in 1898. A version with a longer shelf life came out in 1902, and by then, "Granose Biscuits" and "Granose Flakes" were available.

Will Kellogg continued to develop flaked cereal. When he wanted to add sugar, John refused. In 1906, Will started his own company, the Battle Creek Toasted Corn Flake Company, which later became the Kellogg Company. This led to a long disagreement between the brothers. John was not allowed to use the Kellogg name for his cereals.

Other competitors, like C. W. Post, also made breakfast foods. Post was treated at the Battle Creek Sanitarium and later opened his own sanitarium and company. He created Postum coffee and Grape-Nuts cereal, which competed with Kellogg’s products.

John Harvey Kellogg was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2006 for discovering tempering and inventing the first dry flaked breakfast cereal, which changed how Americans ate breakfast.

John H. Kellogg is also credited with helping invent peanut butter. Before 1895, nut butter was served at the Battle Creek Sanitarium. Kellogg did not patent peanut butter but applied for two patents related to "nut butters" in 1895.

On November 4, 1895, John H. Kellogg filed two patents for food products made from nuts. One patent described a process to make a nut-based food by boiling nuts, crushing them, and separating a dry nutmeal and a sticky paste. The second patent detailed a method to create a paste-like food from roasted or boiled peanuts, which was heated in sealed cans to change its texture.

By 1898, the Kelloggs were selling many nut-based foods through the Sanitas Nut Food Company. They promoted nut butters as a healthy alternative for people who had trouble chewing solid food. Because peanuts were the cheapest nut, they became the most popular nut butter.

Joseph Lambert, who worked for Kellogg at the sanitarium, later began selling a hand-operated machine to make nut butter.

Views on health

Kellogg combined his Adventist beliefs with his scientific and medical knowledge to develop his idea of "biologic living." This idea stated that proper diet, exercise, and recreation were necessary to keep the body, mind, and soul healthy. The policies and treatments at the Battle Creek Sanitarium followed these principles, such as promoting vegetarianism and drinking 8–10 glasses of water daily. Kellogg believed so strongly in the benefits of biologic living that he did not get vaccinated against smallpox.

Kellogg shared his philosophy in seven textbooks created for Adventist schools and colleges. These books emphasized the importance of fresh air, exercise, and sunshine, while warning about the dangers of alcohol and tobacco. In practice, his biologic living approach closely resembled the methods of Christian physiologists, which included avoiding alcohol and tobacco, practicing sexual restraint, and eating a vegetarian diet.

Kellogg was an active member of the anti-tobacco movement, often speaking about its harms. He argued that tobacco caused physical damage and also led to serious problems in health, nutrition, morality, and the economy. He stated, "Tobacco has not a single redeeming feature… and is one of the most deadly of all poisonous plants." This view aligned with the beliefs of Adventists, who were major supporters of the anti-tobacco effort.

In his 1922 book Tobaccoism, or How Tobacco Kills, Kellogg described studies showing the harmful effects of smoking. He also suggested that women lived longer than men, in part because they used tobacco less often. Kellogg served as president of the Michigan Anti-Cigarette Society and later joined the Committee of Fifty to Study the Tobacco Problem, a group that included Henry Ford and John Burroughs. This group created one of the first educational films against smoking. Kellogg’s work influenced Utah Senator Reed Smoot to introduce a bill in 1929 to include tobacco under the Pure Food and Drug Act, though the bill did not pass.

During Kellogg’s time, alcohol was often used as a stimulant by doctors. However, he strongly opposed its use, calling it "an evil of stupendous proportions." He argued that alcohol was not a stimulant because it reduced vital activity and weakened the body. He noted harmful effects on the brain, digestive system, and liver. Kellogg also believed alcohol caused mental and moral harm, stating it was "one of the devil's most efficient agents for destroying the happiness of man." He believed even small amounts of alcohol were harmful.

Kellogg also opposed tea and coffee because of their caffeine content. He claimed caffeine was a poison and caused physical and developmental issues, as well as moral problems. He believed people drank these beverages partly because of the ban on alcohol and due to marketing by their producers. Kellogg argued that natural sources like water and fruit juices provided all the nutrients needed.

As early as the 1880s, Kellogg created charts and gave lectures about the dangers of tobacco and alcohol, which were used by educators to teach temperance. In 1878, Kellogg, along with Ellen G. White and others, founded the American Health and Temperance Association. The group aimed to highlight the dangers of tobacco, alcohol, tea, and coffee. Kellogg led the organization for 15 years.

Hydropathy

Kellogg described the different uses of hydropathy as results of water’s many properties. In his 1876 book, The Uses of Water in Health & Disease, he discussed both the chemical makeup and physical traits of water. Hydrogen and oxygen, when separated, are two colorless, transparent, and tasteless gases that become explosive when mixed. More importantly, Kellogg believed water had the highest specific heat of any compound, even though this is not true. Because of this, it takes more heat and energy to warm water than it does to warm other substances like mercury. Kellogg also noted water’s ability to absorb large amounts of energy when changing states, such as when it freezes or boils. He highlighted water’s most useful quality: its ability to dissolve many other substances.

Kellogg said water helps health partly because of vital resistance and partly because of its physical traits. He believed water’s first medical use is as a refrigerant, which lowers body heat by removing heat from the body and through direct contact. He claimed no drug in the entire list of medical treatments can lower body temperature as quickly or effectively as water. Water can also act as a sedative. Unlike other sedatives, which harm the heart and nerves, water is a gentle and efficient sedative without harmful side effects. Kellogg noted that a cold bath can reduce a person’s pulse by 20 to 40 beats per minute in just a few minutes. Additionally, water can serve as a tonic, increasing the speed of blood circulation and raising body temperature. A hot bath can increase a person’s pulse from 70 to 150 beats per minute in 15 minutes. Water is also useful as an anodyne, reducing pain and nervous sensitivity when used as hot fomentation. Kellogg argued that this method often provides relief when other drugs fail. He believed no treatment was as effective as water in reducing spasms, such as infantile convulsions and cramps. Water can also act as an astringent, stopping bleeding when applied cold. It can also help with bowel movements without causing harsh side effects, unlike purgatives. Although it had little competition as an emetic, Kellogg believed no substance induced vomiting as effectively as water. He also called water a "most perfect eliminative," as it dissolves waste and foreign matter from the blood. These many uses led Kellogg to believe that a skilled doctor should aim to help patients with the least harm to their health, and he argued that water often achieves this goal.

Although Kellogg praised hydropathy for its many uses, he also acknowledged its limits. He said sunlight, fresh air, rest, exercise, proper food, and other health practices are just as important as water in most cases. He also noted that electricity and skilled surgery are necessary in many situations. With this belief, he criticized doctors who overused or misused hydropathy. He specifically criticized "Cold-Water Doctors," who prescribed the same treatment for all illnesses and patient types. These doctors recommended ice-cold baths in cold rooms even during winter. Kellogg believed this harmful approach turned hydropathy into an extreme treatment, leading some people to obsess over taking cold baths. He described the dangers of this obsession, including diseases like tuberculosis. This habit worsened when doctors used hydropathy too much. Kellogg shared an example of a patient with a mild typhus fever who was given 35 cold packs while already weak and died, as he expected. He compared this overuse of hydropathy to outdated and dangerous treatments like bloodletting and purgatives. Kellogg also criticized "Hydropathic Quacks" and Preissnitz, the founder of modern hydropathy, for overestimating water’s ability to cure all diseases without understanding the true causes of illness.

Later life

After writing Plain Facts, Kellogg lived for more than 60 years. He kept working on advice about healthy eating and managed a sanitarium, though the sanitarium faced challenges during the Great Depression and had to be sold. Later, he ran a similar institute in Florida, which remained popular for the rest of his life, though it was not as successful as his earlier work in Battle Creek.

In 1937, Kellogg was honored with a Doctor of Public Service degree from Oglethorpe University.

Will Durant, a Pulitzer Prize-winning historian who became a vegetarian at 18, called Dr. Kellogg "his old mentor." Durant stated that Dr. Kellogg had the greatest influence on his life since his high school years.

Kellogg became the editor of the Health Reformer journal in 1874. The journal was renamed Good Health in 1879, and Kellogg remained its editor for many years until his death. Good Health had more than 20,000 subscribers and was published until 1955.

Kellogg openly supported racial segregation in the United States, even though he raised several Black children as foster parents. In 1906, he co-founded the Race Betterment Foundation with Irving Fisher and Charles Davenport. This organization became a major center for the eugenics movement in America. Kellogg believed that racial segregation was necessary and that immigrants and non-white people could harm the genetic quality of the white population.

Kellogg co-founded the Race Betterment Foundation, organized several National Conferences on Race Betterment, and worked to create a "eugenics registry." He opposed racial mixing and supported sterilizing people considered "mentally defective," promoting eugenics policies while serving on the Michigan Board of Health. During his time there, he helped pass laws allowing the sterilization of those labeled "mentally defective."

Kellogg had a long and difficult relationship with his brother, which began after a legal battle over cereal recipes. The Foundation for Economic Education reported that J.H. Kellogg, then 90 years old, wrote a letter to his brother to try to mend their relationship. His secretary believed the letter was too disrespectful and refused to send it. The younger Kellogg only saw the letter after his brother died.

Personal life

John Harvey Kellogg married Ella Ervilla Eaton of Alfred Center, New York, on February 22, 1879. The couple had separate bedrooms and did not have any children of their own. However, they took care of 42 children as foster parents and officially adopted 8 of them before Ella passed away in 1920. The adopted children included Agnes Grace, Elizabeth Ella, Harriett Eleanor, John William, Ivaline Maud, Paul Alfred, Robert Mofatt, and Newell Carey.

Death

Kellogg died on December 14, 1943, in Battle Creek, Michigan. He was buried in Oak Hill Cemetery in Battle Creek. In his will, Kellogg left all of his property to the Race Betterment Foundation.

In popular culture

British actor Anthony Hopkins portrays a greatly imagined version of Dr. J.H. Kellogg in the 1994 American film The Road to Wellville, directed by Alan Parker. The film shows the burning of a large building used for health treatments and ends with Dr. Kellogg dying of a heart attack years later while diving from a high platform.

Many people incorrectly believe that Dr. Kellogg started or popularized certain cultural practices, inventions, and events. One common mistake is that he is credited with beginning and promoting routine infant circumcision in the United States and other English-speaking countries. While Dr. Kellogg supported circumcision without anesthesia as a treatment for masturbation, he did not start the practice. A doctor named Lewis Sayre had already introduced circumcision as a cure for various illnesses in the United States in 1870.

In early versions of his book Plain Facts for Old and Young, Dr. Kellogg wrote:
"A treatment that often works for young boys is circumcision, especially if there is any difficulty with the foreskin. The surgery should be done by a doctor without pain relief, as the short pain from the operation may help the mind, especially if it is seen as a form of punishment in some cases. The soreness that lasts for weeks can stop the habit, and if the habit was not too strong before, it may be forgotten and not return."

Later editions of the book changed this view. Dr. Kellogg acknowledged that while circumcision helped with cleanliness, it also caused harm, such as a condition called meatal stenosis in Jewish men, which was caused by the procedure.

Selected publications

• 1877 Plain Facts for Old and Young. Self Abuse… After discussing the causes and effects of this serious problem, the next question is: How can it be treated? When a person has, because of ignorance or weakness, suffered the harmful results described, how can they find relief from their suffering, if recovery is possible? Most of the rest of this book will focus on answering these questions. Before explaining treatment methods, a short discussion about preventing this habit will be included.
• 1888 Treatment for Self-Abuse and Its Effects.
• 1893 Ladies Guide in Health and Disease.
• 1880, 1886, 1899 The Home Hand-Book of Domestic Hygiene and Rational Medicine.
• 1903 Rational Hydrotherapy.
• 1910 Light Therapeutics.
• 1914 Needed – A New Human Race Official Proceedings: Vol. I, Proceedings of the First National Conference on Race Betterment. Battle Creek, MI: Race Betterment Foundation, 431–450.
• 1915 "Health and Efficiency" Macmillan M. V. O'Shea and J. H. Kellogg (The Health Series of Physiology and Hygiene).
• 1915 The Eugenics Registry Official Proceedings: Vol II, Proceedings of the Second National Conference on Race Betterment. Battle Creek, MI: Race Betterment Foundation.
• 1918 "The Itinerary of a Breakfast" Funk & Wagnalls Company: New York and London.
• 1922 Autointoxication or Intestinal Toxemia.
• 1923 Tobaccoism or How Tobacco Kills.
• 1923 The Natural Diet of Man.
• 1927 New Dietetics: A Guide to Scientific Feeding in Health and Disease.
• 1929 Art of Massage: A Practical Manual for the Nurse, the Student and the Practitioner.