John Harvey Kellogg was born on February 26, 1852, and died on December 14, 1943. He was an American businessman, inventor, doctor, and supporter of the Progressive Movement. He was the director of the Battle Creek Sanitarium in Battle Creek, Michigan. The sanitarium was founded by members of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. It combined features of a European spa, a hydrotherapy center, a hospital, and a high-class hotel. Kellogg treated wealthy and famous people, as well as poor individuals who could not afford other hospitals. According to Encyclopædia Britannica, his development of dry breakfast cereals helped create the flaked-cereal industry. This led to the founding of the global brand Kellogg's. Kellogg was inducted into the National Fitness Hall of Fame in 2008.

Kellogg was an early supporter of the germ theory of disease. He was ahead of his time in linking intestinal bacteria to health and illness. The sanitarium used a holistic approach to treatment, promoting vegetarianism, good nutrition, yogurt enemas to clean the intestines, exercise, sunbathing, hydrotherapy, and avoiding smoking, drinking alcohol, and sexual activity. Kellogg spent the last 30 years of his life supporting eugenics and racial segregation. He was a major leader in progressive health reform, especially during the second phase of the clean living movement. He wrote many books about science and health. His approach to "biologic living" combined scientific knowledge with Adventist beliefs and promoted health reform and temperance. Many vegetarian foods he created for his patients were later sold to the public. His brother, Will Keith Kellogg, is best known today for inventing the breakfast cereal corn flakes.

Kellogg had liberal Christian beliefs that were very different from mainstream Nicene Christianity. He believed human reason was more important than traditional religious teachings. He rejected ideas like original sin, human weakness, and the idea that Jesus’ death was necessary for salvation. Instead, he saw Jesus’ life as an example. Kellogg was a Seventh-day Adventist when the group’s beliefs shifted toward Trinitarianism in the 1890s. Adventists could not accept Kellogg’s liberal views, which they called pantheistic and unorthodox. His disagreements with other Adventists led to a major split. He was removed from the church in 1907 but continued to support many Adventist beliefs. He ran the sanitarium until his death. Kellogg helped start the American Medical Missionary College in 1895. Some people mistakenly believe Kellogg was responsible for certain cultural practices, inventions, and events.

Early life

John Harvey Kellogg was born on February 26, 1852, in Tyrone, Michigan, to John Preston Kellogg (1806–1881) and his second wife, Ann Janette Stanley (1824–1893). John Preston Kellogg was born in Hadley, Massachusetts. His family history goes back to when Hadley, Massachusetts, was first established, and one of his great-grandfathers operated a ferry. In 1834, John Preston Kellogg and his family moved to Michigan. After his first wife died and he remarried in 1842, he moved to a farm in Tyrone Township. John Preston Kellogg had six children from his first marriage and 11 children with his second wife, including John Harvey and his younger brother, Will Keith Kellogg.

John Preston Kellogg was part of several religious groups, including the Baptists, the Congregationalist Church, and the Seventh-day Adventist Church. He was one of four people who gave money to help Ellen G. White and her husband, James Springer White, move to Battle Creek, Michigan, in 1855 with their publishing business. He also encouraged a Seventh-day Adventist couple, Daniel H. Kress and Lauretta E. Kress, to become doctors in Michigan, where they later helped start what became Washington Adventist Hospital. In 1856, the Kellogg family moved to Battle Creek to be near other members of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. There, John Preston Kellogg started a broom factory. The Kelloggs believed that the return of Jesus Christ was near and that formal education was not needed for their children.

John Harvey Kellogg was a sickly child and attended Battle Creek public schools only briefly, from ages 9 to 11. He left school to work in his father’s broom factory, sorting brooms. Despite this, he read a lot and learned many things on his own. At age 12, he was offered a job by Ellen G. White and her husband. He became one of their mentees, starting as an errand boy and later working as a printer’s assistant, proofreader, and editor. He helped prepare articles for publications like Health, or How to Live and The Health Reformer, learning about Ellen G. White’s health theories, including eating a vegetarian diet. Ellen White said her husband had a closer relationship with John Harvey Kellogg than with his own children.

John Harvey Kellogg wanted to be a teacher and taught a district school in Hastings, Michigan, at age 16. By age 20, he enrolled in a teacher training program at Michigan State Normal School. However, the Kelloggs and the Whites convinced him to join his half-brother Merritt, Edson White, William C. White, and Jennie Trembley in a six-month medical course at Russell Trall’s Hygieo-Therapeutic College in New Jersey. Their goal was to train doctors for the Adventist-inspired Western Health Reform Institute in Battle Creek. With the Whites’ support, John Harvey Kellogg studied medicine at the University of Michigan and Bellevue Hospital Medical College in New York City. He graduated in 1875 with a medical degree. In October 1876, Kellogg became the director of the Western Health Reform Institute. In 1877, he renamed it the Battle Creek Medical Surgical Sanitarium, creating the word “sanitarium” to emphasize both medical care and the importance of health and cleanliness. Kellogg led the institution until his death in 1943.

Theological views

Kellogg was raised in the Seventh-day Adventist Church from an early age. He was chosen as a mentee by the Whites and trained as a doctor. He became an important speaker at church meetings. Throughout his life, Kellogg faced challenges from both science and religion about his religious beliefs.

At the Seventeenth Annual Session of the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists on October 4, 1878, the following action was taken:

Kellogg rejected Christian fundamentalism and supported modern religious ideas. He disagreed with many traditional beliefs of Nicene Christianity, believing that Jesus’ life on Earth, not the Cross, was the key to his atonement. Kellogg criticized the ideas of original sin and human depravity, joking that "total depravity" was often just "total indigestion." Historian Brian C. Wilson wrote:

Kellogg believed in the harmony of science and the Bible throughout his career. However, he lived during a time when science and medicine were becoming more secular. White and others in the Adventist ministry worried that Kellogg’s students and staff might lose their religious faith. Kellogg felt that many ministers did not recognize his medical expertise or the importance of his work. There were ongoing conflicts between his authority as a doctor and the authority of ministers. Despite this, Kellogg tried to unite science, medicine, and religion, arguing that they should not be separated and that God is present in all living things.

He explained these ideas in his book The Living Temple (1903):

At the same time Kellogg defended the idea that God is present in nature, some members of his church believed his descriptions showed a tendency toward panentheism (the belief that everything is in God). Kellogg disagreed, saying his views were simply a way to explain God’s omnipresence, not pantheism.

His religious beliefs did not match many traditional Nicene Christian teachings. As Seventh-day Adventist beliefs moved toward orthodox Trinitarianism in the 1890s, church members struggled to accept Kellogg’s liberal views, which they saw as pantheistic and unorthodox. This led to the "Pantheism Crisis" of 1903, a major event in church history. Kellogg’s theological views were not the only issue—problems with the Battle Creek Sanitarium were also important. Control of the sanitarium and its finances had caused tension, especially as the institution grew and attracted wealthier patients. Tensions worsened when the Battle Creek Sanitarium, originally owned by the Seventh-day Adventist Church but managed by Kellogg, burned down on February 18, 1902. Most guests escaped safely, but the damage was estimated at $300,000 to $400,000, about twice the insured value.

Ellen G. White, who had warned about the growing "worldliness" of Battle Creek, opposed rebuilding the large institution. Although she wrote a manuscript against rebuilding in 1902, it was not sent to Kellogg at that time, and he did not consult her about his plans. With support from the board of directors, Kellogg rebuilt the sanitarium and expanded it. The new building, designed by architect Frank Mills Andrews of Ohio, opened on May 31, 1903. It was fireproof, six stories tall, and included features like a solarium and palm court. The cost was over $700,000.

Kellogg used money from his book The Living Temple to help pay for the rebuilding. The book’s printing was opposed by a commission of the General Council of the Adventists after one member, W. W. Prescott, argued it was against church beliefs. When Kellogg arranged to print the book privately, it faced another challenge: on December 30, 1902, a fire destroyed the Herald, where the book was being printed. When the book finally appeared in 1903, Ellen G. White criticized it for what she saw as its pantheistic ideas. Over the next few years, conflicts grew between Kellogg, General Conference President A. G. Daniells, and others. In 1907, Kellogg was "disfellowshipped," part of a church split. He kept control of the Battle Creek Sanitarium and the American Medical Missionary College, continuing to promote Adventist health ideas at those institutions.

In later life, Kellogg spoke positively about Seventh-day Adventists and Ellen G. White’s prophetic ministry, despite their disagreements. In 1941, he criticized E. S. Ballenger for being negative about Mrs. White.

Battle Creek Sanitarium

Kellogg was a member of the Seventh-day Adventist Church until mid-life. He became well-known as the chief medical officer of the Battle Creek Sanitarium, which was owned and operated by the Seventh-day Adventist Church. The sanitarium followed the church's health principles, including promoting a vegetarian diet, avoiding alcohol and tobacco, and encouraging regular exercise. Kellogg followed these guidelines. He is remembered for supporting vegetarianism and writing about its benefits, even after leaving the Adventist Church. In the late 1800s, he advised people to avoid eating meat, though he did not strongly emphasize this. He created a bland diet, partly to help reduce sexual stimulation, as the Adventist Church believed this was important for health.

Kellogg strongly supported eating nuts, believing they could help feed people as food supplies became limited. Though he is best known for inventing corn flakes, he also developed a method for making peanut butter and created healthy "granose biscuits" that became popular in countries like Australia and England.

The Battle Creek Sanitarium had an experimental kitchen where Ella Eaton Kellogg helped develop vegetarian foods. She also supervised a "school of cookery" that taught homemakers how to prepare meals. She wrote a cookbook called Science in the Kitchen, which included hundreds of recipes and information about nutrition and diet management. Some recipes used foods made at the sanitarium, such as Nuttolene (a meat pâté made from peanuts), Protose (a mix of nuts and grains), and various nut butters.

Kellogg believed that most diseases could be improved by changing the bacteria in the intestines. He explained that gut bacteria can either help or harm the body. He claimed that harmful bacteria produce toxins during the digestion of protein, which can poison the blood. He argued that a poor diet encourages harmful bacteria, which can then spread to other parts of the body. He believed that a balanced vegetarian diet, low in protein and high in fiber, improves gut bacteria. He recommended specific foods to treat certain health issues.

Kellogg also believed that the natural process of changing gut bacteria could be sped up by using enemas with beneficial bacteria. He suggested using an enema machine to clean the bowel with large amounts of water. After the enema, people would eat a pint of yogurt, with half consumed and the other half given as an enema. This, he claimed, would replace harmful gut bacteria with healthy ones, resulting in a "squeaky-clean" intestine.

Visitors to the sanitarium practiced breathing exercises and walked during meals to aid digestion. Kellogg supported the use of artificial sunbaths, as he believed in phototherapy. He was also a skilled surgeon who often provided free medical care to poor patients at his clinic.

Many famous people visited the sanitarium, including former president William Howard Taft, composer Percy Grainger, Arctic explorers Vilhjalmur Stefansson and Roald Amundsen, travelers Richard Halliburton and Lowell Thomas, aviator Amelia Earhart, economist Irving Fisher, Nobel Prize-winning playwright George Bernard Shaw, actor Johnny Weissmuller, Ford Motor Company founder Henry Ford, inventor Thomas Edison, activist Sojourner Truth, and actress Sarah Bernhardt.

Patents and inventions

John Harvey Kellogg created and sold many types of vegetarian foods. These foods were designed for people who were sick or had trouble eating, and they were made to be easy to chew and digest. Starchy foods like grains were ground and baked to help break down starch into a simpler form called dextrin. Nuts were also ground and boiled or steamed.

The foods Kellogg made were usually not very flavorful. This was because he followed the advice of Ellen G. White and Sylvester Graham, who believed that bland foods helped reduce excitement, sexual feelings, and other behaviors they considered unhealthy.

Around 1877, John H. Kellogg began trying to make a softer breakfast food that was easy to chew. He mixed wheat, oats, and corn into a dough and baked it at very high temperatures for a long time to break down the starch in the grains. After it cooled, he broke the bread into small pieces. This food was first called "Granula," but this name caused legal problems with another man named James Caleb Jackson, who already sold a similar product. In 1881, Kellogg changed the name to "Granola" to avoid a lawsuit. At first, the food was used by patients at a health center, but later, former patients began buying it too. In 1890, John founded the Sanitas Food Company to make and sell food products.

The Kelloggs are most famous for creating the popular breakfast cereal corn flakes. The development of flaked cereal in 1894 is described differently by family members, including Ella Eaton Kellogg, John Harvey Kellogg, and his brother Will Keith Kellogg. Some say Ella suggested rolling dough into thin sheets, and John created special rollers for this. Others say John had an idea in a dream and used kitchen equipment to make the flakes. It is agreed that one night, John left a batch of wheat dough behind. The next morning, he sent it through rollers and discovered it turned into thin flakes, which could be baked. Will Kellogg was asked to study the process and recreate it. Ella and Will often disagreed about who contributed most to the discovery. The method John used, called tempering, became a key technique in making flaked cereals.

A patent for "Flaked Cereals and Process of Preparing Same" was filed on May 31, 1895, and approved on April 14, 1896, under Patent No. 558,393. This patent covered many types of grains, not just wheat. John Harvey Kellogg was the only person named on the patent. Later, Will insisted he had helped John and believed he deserved more credit for the discovery.

In their first year of production, the Kelloggs sold tens of thousands of pounds of flaked cereal, called "Granose." They tested other grains like rice and corn and released the first batch of Sanitas Toasted Corn Flakes in 1898. A version with a longer shelf life was released in 1902, and by then, both "Granose Biscuits" and "Granose Flakes" were available.

Will Kellogg continued making and selling flaked cereal. When he wanted to add sugar to the flakes, John refused. In 1906, Will started his own company, the Battle Creek Toasted Corn Flake Company. This began a long disagreement between the brothers. Will’s company eventually became the Kellogg Company, while John could not use the Kellogg name for his cereals.

Other competitors, like C. W. Post, also made breakfast foods. Post was treated at the Battle Creek Sanitarium in 1891 and later started his own sanitarium and company, Post Holdings. He sold Postum coffee substitute in 1895 and introduced Grape-Nuts cereal in 1898. In 1906, he launched Post Toasties, a competitor to Kellogg’s Corn Flakes.

John Harvey Kellogg was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2006 for discovering tempering and inventing the first dry flaked breakfast cereal, which changed how Americans ate breakfast.

John H. Kellogg is also credited with helping develop peanut butter. Before 1895, a nut-based food was served at the Battle Creek Sanitarium. Kellogg wrote to Ellen White that nut-based foods had replaced butter. He did not patent peanut butter but applied for two patents related to "nut butters" in 1895.

On November 4, 1895, John H. Kellogg applied for two patents. Patent No. 567901, approved in 1896, described a food compound made from boiled nuts, crushed and separated into a dry meal and a sticky paste. The second patent, No. 604493, approved in 1898, outlined a process to make a paste from boiled or roasted peanuts, which was heated in sealed cans to create a cheese-like texture.

By 1898, the Kelloggs were selling many nut-based foods through the Sanitas Nut Food Company. They promoted nut butters as a healthy protein source for people who had trouble chewing. Peanuts became the most popular nut for nut butter because they were the cheapest.

Joseph Lambert, who worked for Kellogg at the sanitarium, later started selling a hand-operated peanut butter machine.

Views on health

John Kellogg combined his Adventist beliefs with his knowledge of science and medicine to develop the idea of "biologic living." This concept taught that a healthy body, mind, and soul required proper diet, exercise, and recreation. The Battle Creek Sanitarium followed these principles, such as promoting vegetarianism and drinking 8–10 glasses of water daily. Kellogg believed so strongly in biologic living that he refused to get vaccinated against smallpox.

Kellogg shared his ideas in seven textbooks used in Adventist schools and colleges. These books emphasized the importance of fresh air, exercise, and sunlight, while warning about the dangers of alcohol and tobacco. His approach to biologic living closely resembled the practices of Christian physiologists, which included avoiding alcohol and tobacco, eating a vegetarian diet, and practicing sexual restraint.

Kellogg was a strong supporter of anti-tobacco efforts. He argued that tobacco caused harm to the body, mind, and society, calling it "one of the most deadly of all poisonous plants." His views aligned with those of the Seventh-day Adventists, who were among the most active in opposing tobacco use. In his 1922 book Tobaccoism, or How Tobacco Kills, Kellogg cited research showing the harmful effects of smoking. He also noted that women, who smoked less than men, tended to live longer.

Kellogg held leadership roles in groups fighting smoking, including the Michigan Anti-Cigarette Society and the Committee of Fifty to Study the Tobacco Problem. This group included notable figures like Henry Ford and John Burroughs. Their work led to the creation of one of the first anti-smoking films. Kellogg’s efforts contributed to a 1929 bill introduced by Utah Senator Reed Smoot, which aimed to regulate tobacco under the Pure Food and Drug Act. However, the bill did not pass.

During Kellogg’s time, alcohol was often used as a medicine, but he strongly opposed its use. He called alcohol a poison that harmed the body, including the brain, digestive system, and liver. He also believed alcohol led to mental and moral problems, stating it was "one of the devil’s most efficient agents for destroying happiness." Kellogg argued that even small amounts of alcohol were harmful.

Kellogg also opposed tea and coffee because of their caffeine content. He claimed caffeine was a poison that caused physical and moral harm. He believed people drank these beverages because of marketing efforts and the prohibition of alcohol. Kellogg argued that natural drinks like water and fruit juices were sufficient for health.

As early as the 1880s, Kellogg created materials to teach about the dangers of tobacco and alcohol. In 1878, he helped form the American Health and Temperance Association with Ellen G. White and others. The group aimed to raise awareness about the harms of tobacco, alcohol, tea, and coffee. Kellogg led the organization for 15 years.

Hydropathy

Kellogg said that the different ways hydropathy is used come from the many properties of water. In his 1876 book, The Uses of Water in Health & Disease, he talked about both the chemical parts of water and its physical traits. Hydrogen and oxygen, when separate, are two "colorless, transparent, and tasteless" gases that can be explosive when mixed. More importantly, Kellogg claimed that water has the highest specific heat of any compound, even though this is not true. Because of this, more heat and energy are needed to warm water than to warm other substances like mercury. Kellogg also explained that water can absorb large amounts of energy when it changes from one state to another, such as when it freezes or boils. He said water’s most useful trait is its ability to dissolve many other substances.

Kellogg believed that water helps the body partly because of the body’s natural defenses and partly because of water’s physical traits. He said water’s first medical use is as a refrigerant, which lowers body heat by removing it and by conducting it away. He wrote, "There is not a drug in all medical treatments that can lower body temperature as quickly and effectively as water." Water can also act as a sedative. While other sedatives harm the heart and nerves, water is a gentler and more effective option without harmful side effects. Kellogg said a cold bath can quickly lower a person’s pulse by 20 to 40 beats per minute in just a few minutes. Water can also act as a tonic, increasing blood circulation speed and body temperature. A hot bath can raise a person’s pulse from 70 to 150 beats per minute in 15 minutes. Water is also useful as an anodyne, reducing pain and nervous sensitivity when used as hot fomentation. Kellogg said this method often helps where other drugs fail. He also believed no other treatment works as well as water in reducing spasms, like infantile convulsions and cramps. Water can act as an astringent, stopping bleeding when applied cold. It can also help with bowel movements without causing unpleasant side effects, unlike purgatives. Although water is not the best at making someone vomit, Kellogg said it does this better than other substances. He called water a "most perfect eliminative" because it dissolves waste and foreign matter from the blood. These uses led Kellogg to believe that "the goal of a good doctor should be to help the patient as much as possible while using as little of the body’s strength as possible; and it is clear that in many cases, water is the best way to do this."

Although Kellogg praised hydropathy for its many uses, he also said it has limits. He wrote, "In most cases, sunlight, clean air, rest, exercise, proper food, and other health-related treatments are just as important as water. Electricity is also a treatment that should not be ignored, and skilled surgery is needed in many cases." He criticized doctors who overused or misused hydropathy. He called some doctors "Cold-Water Doctors" who recommended the same treatment for all patients, even in cold weather. He said this approach made hydropathy seem like a dangerous treatment, leading to problems like tuberculosis. He described a case where a patient with typhus fever was given 35 cold packs while already weak, and the patient died. Kellogg said this overuse of hydropathy was similar to old, harmful treatments like bloodletting. He also criticized unqualified practitioners and Preissnitz, the founder of modern hydropathy, for overestimating water’s ability to cure all diseases without understanding the real causes of illness.

Later life

John Kellogg lived for more than 60 years after writing Plain Facts. He kept working on advice about healthy eating and managing a health center, but the Great Depression caused financial problems, and the center had to be sold. Later, he ran another institute in Florida, which remained popular for the rest of his life, though it was not as well-known as his earlier institute in Battle Creek.

In 1937, Kellogg was given an honorary degree as a Doctor of Public Service by Oglethorpe University.

Will Durant, a Pulitzer Prize-winning historian who became a vegetarian at 18, called Dr. Kellogg "his old mentor." Durant said that Dr. Kellogg had a greater influence on his life than any other person since high school.

Kellogg became the editor of the Health Reformer journal in 1874. The journal was renamed Good Health in 1879, and Kellogg remained its editor for many years until his death. Good Health had over 20,000 subscribers and was published until 1955.

Kellogg strongly expressed his views on race and supported racial segregation, even though he raised several Black foster children. In 1906, he co-founded the Race Betterment Foundation with Irving Fisher and Charles Davenport. This group became a major part of the eugenics movement in the United States. Kellogg believed that racial segregation was important and that immigrants and non-white people could harm the genetic quality of the white population.

Kellogg co-founded the Race Betterment Foundation, helped organize National Conferences on Race Betterment, and tried to create a "eugenics registry." He opposed "racial mixing" and supported sterilizing people with mental disabilities. These ideas were part of his work on the Michigan Board of Health, where he helped pass laws allowing the sterilization of people considered "mentally defective."

Kellogg had a long disagreement with his brother over business and personal matters, including a legal fight over cereal recipes. The Foundation for Economic Education recorded that J.H. Kellogg, who was very old, wrote a letter to try to repair their relationship. His secretary believed the letter was too disrespectful and refused to send it. The younger brother only saw the letter after J.H. Kellogg died.

Personal life

John Harvey Kellogg married Ella Ervilla Eaton of Alfred Center, New York, on February 22, 1879. The couple had separate bedrooms and did not have any children of their own. Instead, they took care of 42 children as foster parents and officially adopted 8 of them before Ella passed away in 1920. The adopted children included Agnes Grace, Elizabeth Ella, Harriett Eleanor, John William, Ivaline Maud, Paul Alfred, Robert Mofatt, and Newell Carey.

Death

Kellogg died on December 14, 1943, in Battle Creek, Michigan. He was buried in Oak Hill Cemetery in Battle Creek. In his will, Kellogg left his entire estate to the Race Betterment Foundation.

In popular culture

In the 1994 American film The Road to Wellville, directed by Alan Parker, British actor Anthony Hopkins portrays a fictional version of Dr. J.H. Kellogg. The movie shows the burning of a sanitarium building complex and ends with Dr. Kellogg, many years later, dying of a heart attack while diving from a high board.

Many people mistakenly believe that Dr. Kellogg was responsible for starting or popularizing certain cultural practices, inventions, and historical events. One common error is the belief that Kellogg began and promoted routine infant circumcision in the United States and other English-speaking countries. While Kellogg did support circumcision, claiming it could cure masturbation, he did not cause the practice to become widespread. Earlier, in 1870, Dr. Lewis Sayre had already introduced circumcision as a treatment for various illnesses in the United States.

In early editions of his book Plain Facts for Old and Young, Kellogg wrote:

"A treatment that often works for young boys is circumcision, especially if they have a condition called phimosis. The operation should be done by a surgeon without using pain medicine, as the short pain during the procedure can have a helpful effect on the mind, especially if it is seen as a form of punishment. The soreness that lasts for weeks may stop the habit, and if the habit was not too strong before, it might be forgotten and not return."

In later editions of the book, Kellogg changed his view, noting that while circumcision helped with cleanliness, it also caused harm. He specifically mentioned a condition called meatal stenosis, which affected some Jewish men, and linked it to the procedure.

Selected publications

• 1877 Plain Facts for Old and Young. Self Abuse … After learning about the causes and effects of this serious problem, the next question is: How can it be treated? When a person has, through ignorance or weakness, caused serious harm to himself, how can he find relief from his problems, if healing is possible? Most of the remaining pages of this work will focus on answering these questions. Before describing treatment methods, a short discussion on how to prevent this habit will be included.
• 1888 Treatment for Self-Abuse and Its Effects.
• 1893 Ladies Guide in Health and Disease.
• 1880, 1886, 1899 The Home Hand-Book of Domestic Hygiene and Rational Medicine.
• 1903 Rational Hydrotherapy.
• 1910 Light Therapeutics.
• 1914 Needed – A New Human Race Official Proceedings: Vol. I, Proceedings of the First National Conference on Race Betterment. Battle Creek, MI: Race Betterment Foundation, 431–450.
• 1915 "Health and Efficiency" Macmillan M. V. O'Shea and J. H. Kellogg (The Health Series of Physiology and Hygiene).
• 1915 The Eugenics Registry Official Proceedings: Vol II, Proceedings of the Second National Conference on Race Betterment. Battle Creek, MI: Race Betterment Foundation.
• 1918 "The Itinerary of a Breakfast" Funk & Wagnalls Company: New York and London.
• 1922 Autointoxication or Intestinal Toxemia.
• 1923 Tobaccoism or How Tobacco Kills.
• 1923 The Natural Diet of Man.
• 1927 New Dietetics: A Guide to Scientific Feeding in Health and Disease.
• 1929 Art of Massage: A Practical Manual for the Nurse, the Student and the Practitioner.